ISSN 0439-755X
CN 11-1911/B
CN 11-1911/B
Acta Psychologica Sinica ›› 2024, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (6): 745-758.doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00745
• Reports of Empirical Studies • Previous Articles Next Articles
HUANG Shunsen1, LAI Xiaoxiong1,2, ZHANG Cai3, ZHAO Xinmei1, DAI Xinran1, QI Mengdi1, WANG Huanlei1, WANG Wenrong4, WANG Yun1,*(
)
Received:2023-04-10
Published:2024-06-25
Online:2024-04-08
Contact:
WANG Yun
E-mail:wangyun@bnu.edu.cn
Supported by:HUANG Shunsen, LAI Xiaoxiong, ZHANG Cai, ZHAO Xinmei, DAI Xinran, QI Mengdi, WANG Huanlei, WANG Wenrong, WANG Yun. (2024). Relationship between adolescents’ smartphone stress and mental health: Based on the multiverse-style analysis and intensive longitudinal method. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 56(6), 745-758.
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URL: https://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2024.00745
Figure 1. Descriptive chart of smartphone stress among fourth and eighth-grade students.
Figure 2. Strategy combinations of multiverse-style analysis and its curve. Note. The vertical coordinates of the points on the curve in Figure 2(A/C) represent the regression coefficients of the independent variable on the dependent variable under different strategy combinations, and the shaded area represents the confidence interval of this coefficient. On the right side of Figure 2(B/D), “controls” refers to control variables, “y” refers to the dependent variable, and “x” refers to the independent variable. Both red and blue indicate significant strategy combinations. Color figures are available in the electronic version.
Figure 3. The Mediating Mechanism of Smartphone Stress on Adolescent Depression. Note. The coefficients in the figure are standardized coefficients. The black values represent the model coefficients and fitting when the mediating variable is intensity, and the values after the slash (bolded part) represent the model coefficients and fitting when the mediating variable is fluctuation.***p < 0.001.
| Model | Types of mediators | Paths | standardized effect | SE | 95% CI | Indirect effect size (PM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smartphone stress→ depression | Intensity | Total effect | 0.072 | 0.034 | 0.005 ~ 0.138 | NA |
| Total indirect effect | 0.043 | 0.012 | 0.020 ~ 0.069 | 59.72% | ||
| Smartphone stress-rumination-depression | 0.022 | 0.009 | 0.007 ~ 0.042 | 30.56% | ||
| Smartphone stress-negative emotion-depression | 0.017 | 0.008 | 0.004~ 0.035 | 23.61% | ||
| Smartphone-rumination-negative emotion-depression | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.0004 ~ 0.009 | 5.56% | ||
| Fluctuation | Total effect | 0.058 | 0.034 | ?0.008 ~ 0.124 | NA | |
| Total indirect effect | 0.014 | 0.010 | ?0.004 ~ 0.034 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-rumination-depression | 0.004 | 0.009 | ?0.014 ~ 0.021 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-negative emotion-depression | 0.007 | 0.006 | ?0.003 ~ 0.020 | NA | ||
| Smartphone-rumination-negative emotion-depression | 0.003 | 0.002 | ?0.001 ~ 0.008 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress→ wellbeing | Intensity | Total effect | ?0.067 | 0.192 | ?0.711 ~ 0.048 | NA |
| Total indirect effect | ?0.017 | 0.015 | ?0.048 ~ 0.011 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-rumination-wellbeing | 0.015 | 0.009 | ?0.0004 ~ 0.034 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-negative emotion-wellbeing | ?0.026 | 0.011 | ?0.052 ~ ?0.008 | 38.81% | ||
| Smartphone-rumination-negative emotion-wellbeing | ?0.006 | 0.003 | ?0.013 ~ ?0.001 | 8.96% | ||
| Fluctuation | Total effect | ?0.053 | 0.188 | ?0.645 ~ 0.101 | NA | |
| Total indirect effect | ?0.008 | 0.0101 | ?0.029 ~ 0.011 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-rumination-wellbeing | 0.007 | 0.008 | ?0.007 ~ 0.024 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-negative emotion-wellbeing | ?0.011 | 0.007 | ?0.027 ~ ?0.001 | 20.75% | ||
| Smartphone-rumination-negative emotion-wellbeing | ?0.004 | 0.003 | ?0.011 ~ ?0.0003 | 7.55% |
Table 1 Summary Table of the Mediating Effects of Smartphone Stress on Mental Health
| Model | Types of mediators | Paths | standardized effect | SE | 95% CI | Indirect effect size (PM) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smartphone stress→ depression | Intensity | Total effect | 0.072 | 0.034 | 0.005 ~ 0.138 | NA |
| Total indirect effect | 0.043 | 0.012 | 0.020 ~ 0.069 | 59.72% | ||
| Smartphone stress-rumination-depression | 0.022 | 0.009 | 0.007 ~ 0.042 | 30.56% | ||
| Smartphone stress-negative emotion-depression | 0.017 | 0.008 | 0.004~ 0.035 | 23.61% | ||
| Smartphone-rumination-negative emotion-depression | 0.004 | 0.002 | 0.0004 ~ 0.009 | 5.56% | ||
| Fluctuation | Total effect | 0.058 | 0.034 | ?0.008 ~ 0.124 | NA | |
| Total indirect effect | 0.014 | 0.010 | ?0.004 ~ 0.034 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-rumination-depression | 0.004 | 0.009 | ?0.014 ~ 0.021 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-negative emotion-depression | 0.007 | 0.006 | ?0.003 ~ 0.020 | NA | ||
| Smartphone-rumination-negative emotion-depression | 0.003 | 0.002 | ?0.001 ~ 0.008 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress→ wellbeing | Intensity | Total effect | ?0.067 | 0.192 | ?0.711 ~ 0.048 | NA |
| Total indirect effect | ?0.017 | 0.015 | ?0.048 ~ 0.011 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-rumination-wellbeing | 0.015 | 0.009 | ?0.0004 ~ 0.034 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-negative emotion-wellbeing | ?0.026 | 0.011 | ?0.052 ~ ?0.008 | 38.81% | ||
| Smartphone-rumination-negative emotion-wellbeing | ?0.006 | 0.003 | ?0.013 ~ ?0.001 | 8.96% | ||
| Fluctuation | Total effect | ?0.053 | 0.188 | ?0.645 ~ 0.101 | NA | |
| Total indirect effect | ?0.008 | 0.0101 | ?0.029 ~ 0.011 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-rumination-wellbeing | 0.007 | 0.008 | ?0.007 ~ 0.024 | NA | ||
| Smartphone stress-negative emotion-wellbeing | ?0.011 | 0.007 | ?0.027 ~ ?0.001 | 20.75% | ||
| Smartphone-rumination-negative emotion-wellbeing | ?0.004 | 0.003 | ?0.011 ~ ?0.0003 | 7.55% |
Figure 4. The Mediating Mechanism of Smartphone Stress on Adolescents Subjective Well-Being. Note. The coefficients in the figure are standardized coefficients. The black values represent the model coefficients and fitting when the mediating variable is intensity, and the values after the slash (bolded part) represent the model coefficients and fitting when the mediating variable is fluctuation. ***p < 0.001.
| Adolescent smartphone stress scale (short-version) | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| 1. Being unable to communicate clearly on my smartphone makes me anxious | Smartphone communication |
| 2. I feel irritated when I search out inconsistent content on my smartphone | Smartphone information conflicting |
| 3. I feel sad that I cannot find the information I want through my smartphone | Smartphone information deficient |
| 4. I feel angry when my teammates do not cooperate while playing mobile games | Online games noncooperation |
| 5. Losing mobile games makes me angry | Online games defeat |
| 6. Online classes’ failure to solve my study problems on the smartphone platform irritates me | Smartphone Course |
| 7. It makes me feel sad to see others insult, attack, or make mean comments about people I care about while browsing social media | Social concern |
| 8. The advertisements pushed to my mobile news feeds make me angry | Notifications and adverting |
| 9. Bad comments (e.g., abusive or offensive comments) in the comments section of short videos on my phone make me angry | Short video comments |
| Adolescent smartphone stress scale (short-version) | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| 1. Being unable to communicate clearly on my smartphone makes me anxious | Smartphone communication |
| 2. I feel irritated when I search out inconsistent content on my smartphone | Smartphone information conflicting |
| 3. I feel sad that I cannot find the information I want through my smartphone | Smartphone information deficient |
| 4. I feel angry when my teammates do not cooperate while playing mobile games | Online games noncooperation |
| 5. Losing mobile games makes me angry | Online games defeat |
| 6. Online classes’ failure to solve my study problems on the smartphone platform irritates me | Smartphone Course |
| 7. It makes me feel sad to see others insult, attack, or make mean comments about people I care about while browsing social media | Social concern |
| 8. The advertisements pushed to my mobile news feeds make me angry | Notifications and adverting |
| 9. Bad comments (e.g., abusive or offensive comments) in the comments section of short videos on my phone make me angry | Short video comments |
Figure S1 Mean and standard deviation of smartphone stress of fourth and eighth grade students.
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